Common Irregular Verbs
Verbs with their own rules
According to most texts, irregular verbs fail to comply with standard conjugation rules. However, the situation is not that simple. Most irregular verbs in English belong to groups of verbs that do follow rules. These rules have faded over time, but the patterns are often hard to miss: grow/grew, know/knew, throw/threw. The term irregular is not as accurate as English grammar texts would have us imagine.
This table lists the common irregular verbs. In most Web browsers, pointing
to a row with your mouse will highlight the conjugations for better reading.
Present Tense | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
be (is, am, are) | was, were | been |
beat | beat | beaten |
become | became | become |
begin | began | begun |
bend | bent | bent |
bet | bet | bet |
bind | bound | bound |
bite | bit | bitten |
bleed | bled | bled |
blow | blew | blown |
break | broke | broken |
breed | bred | bred |
bring | brought | brought |
build | built | built |
burst | burst | burst |
buy | bought | bought |
cast | cast | cast |
catch | caught | caught |
choose | chose | chosen |
come | came | come |
cost | cost | cost |
creep | crept | crept |
cut | cut | cut |
deal | dealt | dealt |
dig | dug | dug |
do | did | done |
draw | drew | drawn |
dream | dreamt (dreamed) | dreamt (dreamed) |
drink | drank | drunk |
drive | drove | driven |
eat | ate | eaten |
fall | fell | fallen |
feed | fed | fed |
feel | felt | felt |
fight | fought | fought |
find | found | found |
fit | fit | fit |
flee | fled | fled |
fly | flew | flown |
forget | forgot | forgotten |
forgive | forgave | forgiven |
freeze | froze | frozen |
get | got | gotten |
give | gave | given |
go | went | gone |
grind | ground | ground |
grow | grew | grown |
hang | hung, hanged | hung, hanged |
have | had | had |
hear | heard | heard |
hide | hid | hidden |
hit | hit | hit |
hold | held | held |
hurt | hurt | hurt |
keep | kept | kept |
know | knew | known |
lay | laid | laid |
lead | led | led |
leave | left | left |
lend | lent | lent |
let | let | let |
lie | lay | lain |
light | lit, lighted | lit, lighted |
lose | lost | lost |
make | made | made |
mean | meant | meant |
meet | met | met |
pay | paid | paid |
put | put | put |
quit | quit | quit |
read | read | read |
ride | rode | ridden |
ring | rang | rung |
rise | rose | risen |
run | ran | run |
say | said | said |
see | saw | seen |
sell | sold | sold |
send | sent | sent |
set | set | set |
shake | shook | shaken |
shed | shed | shed |
shine | shone, shined | shone, shined |
shoot | shot | shot |
show | showed | shown |
shrink | shrank | shrunk |
shut | shut | shut |
sing | sang | sung |
sink | sank | sunk |
sit | sat | sat |
slay | slew | slain |
sleep | slept | slept |
slide | slid | slid |
slit | slit | slit |
speak | spoke | spoken |
spend | spent | spent |
spin | spun | spun |
split | split | split |
spread | spread | spread |
stand | stood | stood |
steal | stole | stolen |
stick | stuck | stuck |
sting | stung | stung |
stink | stank | stunk |
strike | struck | struck |
strive | strove | striven |
swear | swore | sworn |
sweep | swept | swept |
swim | swam | swum |
swing | swung | swung |
take | took | taken |
teach | taught | taught |
tear | tore | torn |
tell | told | told |
think | thought | thought |
throw | threw | thrown |
thrust | thrust | thrust |
understand | understood | understood |
wake | woke | woken |
wear | wore | worn |
weave | wove | woven |
win | won | won |
wind | wound | wound |
withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
write | wrote | written |